Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: YiQi-HuoXue prescription ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis-associated encephalopathy via VCAM-1–mediated microglial efferocytosis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1792688

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacological modulation of MERTK and VCAM1 implicates a VCAM1-linked efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory mechanism for YQHXP. (A) Flow cytometry analysis of PKH67 + /F4/80 + double-positive cells in BV2–HT22 co-culture across seven groups. (B) Quantification of efferocytosis rate(n=3). (C) Flow cytometry plots of apoptotic BV2 cells (Annexin V/PI staining). (D) Quantification of apoptosis rate(n=3). (E) Western blot and quantification of C1QB protein expression(n=3). (F) Western blot and quantification of MERTK protein expression(n=3). (G) Western blot and quantification of VCAM1 protein expression(n=3). (H) TNF-α levels in BV2 supernatant measured by ELISA(n=3). IL-6 levels in BV2 supernatant measured by ELISA(n=3). *P < 0.05 relative to the model group; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 relative to the model group. # P < 0.05 relative to the UNC2250 group; ## P < 0.01 relative to the UNC2250 group; ### P < 0.001 relative to the UNC2250 group.

Article Snippet: Mouse TNF-α (Cat. E-EL-M3063) and IL-6 (Cat. E-EL-M0044) ELISA kits were sourced from Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Co-Culture Assay, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Hydrochlorothiazide-induced glucose metabolism disorder is mediated by the gut microbiota via LPS-TLR4-related macrophage polarization

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107130

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit , Elabscience , E-EL-M0044c.

Techniques: Recombinant, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: Anti-Pyretic, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Meloxicam and Curcumin Co-Encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticles in Acute Experimental Models.

doi: 10.3390/metabo13080935

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6 demonstrates that carrageenan administration resulted in a substantial in- crease in TNF-α and PGE2 levels in the sera of rats. Treatment with free compounds and their encapsulated mono- and co-encapsulated nanoparticles significantly (p ≤0.05) reduced the levels of TNF-α and PGE2 in comparison to the control group. A significant reduction was observed in the TNF-α and PGE2 levels of Mlx-NP, Cur-NP, L-Mlx-Cur-NP, and H-Mlx-Cur-NP treatment groups in comparison to the free meloxicam and curcumin treatment groups, while a dose-dependent decrease in TNF-α and PGE2 levels was noticed in the L-Mlx-Cur-NP and H-Mlx-Cur-NP treatment groups. Additionally, H-Mlx-Cur-NP exhibited the highest effect among all treatments. However, curcumin in the free and encapsulated form (Cur-NP) showed marginally significant effects on these parameters as compared to other treatments.

Article Snippet: Then, the sections were incubated overnight at 4 ◦C with mouse anti-TNF-α monoclonal primary antibody (1:100 dilution in 5% BSA-PBS, Elabscience®, Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: Comparison, Control

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: Anti-Pyretic, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Meloxicam and Curcumin Co-Encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticles in Acute Experimental Models.

doi: 10.3390/metabo13080935

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Effect of free meloxicam and curcumin mono- and dual-compound-loaded nanoparticles on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in sera of carrageenan-injected rats. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6. * p ≤0.05, # p ≤0.05, + p ≤0.05: significance from Control, Mlx, and Cur groups, respectively. Mlx: meloxicam (4 mg/kg b.w.), Cur: curcumin (15 mg/kg b.w.), Mlx-NP: meloxicam-loaded nanoparticles (4 mg/kg b.w.), Cur-NP: curcumin- loaded nanoparticles (15 mg/kg b.w.), L-Mlx-Cur-NP: meloxicam (2 mg/kg b.w.) + curcumin (7.5 mg/kg b.w.) co-loaded nanoparticles, H-Mlx-Cur-NP: meloxicam (4 mg/kg b.w.) + curcumin (15 mg/kg b.w.) co-loaded nanoparticles.

Article Snippet: Then, the sections were incubated overnight at 4 ◦C with mouse anti-TNF-α monoclonal primary antibody (1:100 dilution in 5% BSA-PBS, Elabscience®, Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: Injection, Control

Journal: Metabolites

Article Title: Anti-Pyretic, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Meloxicam and Curcumin Co-Encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticles in Acute Experimental Models.

doi: 10.3390/metabo13080935

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 9. Immunohistochemical stained sections of rats’ hind paw for TNF-α expression (magnification ×100, scale bar 100 µm). (A) Carrageenan control rats showed intense expression of TNF-α. (B,C) Rats from free meloxicam and curcumin groups displayed relatively decreased TNF-α expression in paw tissues. (D–G) Mlx-NP, Cur-NP, L-Mlx-Cur-NP, and H-Mlx-Cur-NP groups showed a mild expression of TNF-α. (H) Semi-quantitative IHC score of TNF-α expression. Values are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6. * p ≤0.05, # p ≤0.05, + p ≤0.05: significance from Control, Mlx, and Cur groups, respectively. Mlx: meloxicam (4 mg/kg b.w.), Cur: curcumin (15 mg/kg b.w.), Mlx-NP: meloxicam-loaded nanoparticles (4 mg/kg b.w.), Cur-NP: curcumin-loaded nanoparticles (15 mg/kg b.w.), L-Mlx-Cur-NP: meloxicam (2 mg/kg b.w.) + curcumin (7.5 mg/kg b.w.) co-loaded nanoparticles, H-Mlx-Cur-NP: meloxicam (4 mg/kg b.w.) + curcumin (15 mg/kg b.w.) co-loaded nanoparticles.

Article Snippet: Then, the sections were incubated overnight at 4 ◦C with mouse anti-TNF-α monoclonal primary antibody (1:100 dilution in 5% BSA-PBS, Elabscience®, Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Control

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 alleviates sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation by regulating the levels of apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated tau protein in mouse hippocampal neurons

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11131

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on cell viability, ATP levels and SOD contents in mouse hippocampal neurons. (A-C) Neurons were harvested after sevoflurane or control treatment; (A) Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to examine cell viability and ELISA was used to test the contents of (B) ATP and (C) SOD in mouse hippocampal neurons. *P<0.05. SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Article Snippet: The levels of total ApoE, inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, superoxidase dismutase (SOD)1 and ATPase in the neurons of each group were determined using mouse ELISA kits (ApoE, cat. no. E-EL-M0135; IL1-β, cat. no. E-EL-M0037c; IL-6, cat. no. E-EL-M0044c; TNF-α, cat. no. E-EL-M0049c; SOD1, cat. no. E-EL-M2398c; and ATPase, cat. no. E-EL-M0813c; all from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc.).

Techniques: Control, Cell Counting, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 alleviates sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation by regulating the levels of apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated tau protein in mouse hippocampal neurons

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11131

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on ApoE expression in mouse hippocampal neurons. Neurons were collected immediately after sevoflurane or control treatment to extract protein and RNA. (A) Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to compare the expression of ApoE mRNA in neurons between different groups. (B) ELISA was used to compare the total ApoE content of neurons between the two groups. (C-E) Western blotting was used to compare the contents of (D) full-length ApoE and (E) ApoE toxic fragments in neurons between the control and sevoflurane groups. n=4 per group. *P<0.05. ApoE, apolipoprotein E.

Article Snippet: The levels of total ApoE, inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, superoxidase dismutase (SOD)1 and ATPase in the neurons of each group were determined using mouse ELISA kits (ApoE, cat. no. E-EL-M0135; IL1-β, cat. no. E-EL-M0037c; IL-6, cat. no. E-EL-M0044c; TNF-α, cat. no. E-EL-M0049c; SOD1, cat. no. E-EL-M2398c; and ATPase, cat. no. E-EL-M0813c; all from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc.).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 alleviates sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation by regulating the levels of apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated tau protein in mouse hippocampal neurons

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11131

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CoQ10 on cell viability, ATP levels and SOD contents in mouse hippocampal neurons following sevoflurane anesthesia. (A-C) Neurons were harvested after sevoflurane or control treatment; (A) CCK-8 assay was used to examine cell viability, and ELISA was used to measure the contents of (B) ATP and (C) SOD in neurons. n=4 per group. *P<0.05 vs. control+corn oil. CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Article Snippet: The levels of total ApoE, inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, superoxidase dismutase (SOD)1 and ATPase in the neurons of each group were determined using mouse ELISA kits (ApoE, cat. no. E-EL-M0135; IL1-β, cat. no. E-EL-M0037c; IL-6, cat. no. E-EL-M0044c; TNF-α, cat. no. E-EL-M0049c; SOD1, cat. no. E-EL-M2398c; and ATPase, cat. no. E-EL-M0813c; all from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc.).

Techniques: Control, CCK-8 Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Coenzyme Q10 alleviates sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation by regulating the levels of apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated tau protein in mouse hippocampal neurons

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11131

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CoQ10 on ApoE levels in mouse hippocampal neurons following sevoflurane anesthesia. Neurons were collected immediately after sevoflurane or control treatment to extract protein and RNA. (A) Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to compare the expression of ApoE mRNA in neurons among different groups. (B) ELISA was used to compare the total ApoE content of neurons among the groups. (C-E) Western blotting was used to compare the contents of (D) full-length ApoE and (E) ApoE toxic fragments in neurons among the control+corn oil, sevoflurane+corn oil, control+CoQ10 and sevoflurane+CoQ10 groups. n=4 per group. *P<0.05 vs. control+corn oil. CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; ApoE, apolipoprotein E.

Article Snippet: The levels of total ApoE, inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, superoxidase dismutase (SOD)1 and ATPase in the neurons of each group were determined using mouse ELISA kits (ApoE, cat. no. E-EL-M0135; IL1-β, cat. no. E-EL-M0037c; IL-6, cat. no. E-EL-M0044c; TNF-α, cat. no. E-EL-M0049c; SOD1, cat. no. E-EL-M2398c; and ATPase, cat. no. E-EL-M0813c; all from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc.).

Techniques: Control, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: YTHDF3 phase separation regulates HSPA13 ‐dependent clear cell renal cell carcinoma development and immune evasion

doi: 10.1111/cas.16228

Figure Lengend Snippet: YTHDF3 overexpression suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) development and immune evasion. (A) Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results showed negative correlation between YTHDF3 level and cell proliferation. (B, C) Enrichment plots of YTHDF3 level with gene signature of invasion inhibition (B, PUIFFE_INVASION_INHIBITED_BY_ASCITES_UP) and metastasis downregulation (C, VANTVEER_BREAST_CANCER_METASTASIS_DN) analyzed by GSEA. (D) Correlation of YTHDF3 level with Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score in ccRCC. (E) Distribution of “True” or “False” responders in YTHDF3 low and high expression groups. (F) True responders have a higher YTHDF3 expression level in ccRCC. (G–I) YTHDF3 suppressed RCC tumor growth in mice. (G) Tumor images, (H) tumor growth curves, and (I) tumor weights are shown. (J, K) YTHDF3 suppressed RCC tumor metastasis in mice. (J) Lung samples containing metastatic nodules (black arrows) in vector group. (K) Representative H&E staining in vector and YTHDF3‐WT overexpressing groups. Scale bar, 100 μm. (L) YTHDF3 inhibited immune evasion in RCC mice. Immunohistochemistry was done to examine the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) level in vector or YTHDF3 overexpressing mouse tumor tissues. (M) Representative images of TUNEL staining and the corresponding quantitative statistical result. (N–P) Immunofluorescent staining in Renca orthotopic tumor tissues and statistical analyses. (N) CD8 + T cells. (O) Macrophage cells. (P) Natural killer (NK) cells. (Q) Levels of γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in mouse tumor tissues were detected by ELISA. ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001. ES, enrichment score; FDR, false discovery rate; NES, normalized enrichment score; ns, no significance; TPM, transcripts per million.

Article Snippet: To determine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) levels in cocultured cell supernatants or mice tissues, the human TNF‐α (E‐EL‐H0108), IFN‐γ (E‐EL‐H0109), and mouse TNF‐α (E‐EL‐M3063) and IFN‐γ (E‐EL‐M0048) ELISA kits from ELabscience were used.

Techniques: Over Expression, Inhibition, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Staining, Immunohistochemistry, TUNEL Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: YTHDF3 phase separation regulates HSPA13 ‐dependent clear cell renal cell carcinoma development and immune evasion

doi: 10.1111/cas.16228

Figure Lengend Snippet: YTHDF3 regulates clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) malignancy through its phase separation. (A) Intrinsic disordered region (IDR) of YTHDF3 calculated by the PONDR website ( http://pondr.com/ ). (B) Domain structure of YTHDF3‐WT and YTHDF3 mutant (MUT). (C) All glutamine in YTHDF3 N‐terminal IDR were replaced with alanine in YTHDF3‐MUT. (D) Representative images and quantitative analysis of droplet formation of YTHDF3‐WT and YTHDF3‐MUT at the indicated protein concentrations in droplet formation buffer. (E) YTHDF3‐WT and YTHDF3‐MUT displayed differential phase separation capacity in ccRCC cells. (F) Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of YTHDF3‐WT and YTHDF3‐MUT droplets. Confocal images were taken at different time points after photo bleaching. (G–I) Phase separation of YTHDF3 regulates the ccRCC cell (G) colony formation, (H) migration, and (I) invasion. (J) Expression of Perforin and Granzyme B (GzmB) in CD8 + T cells after coculture with 769‐P cells overexpressing YTHDF3‐WT or YTHDF3‐MUT by western blot analysis. (K) Levels of γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) secreted by CD8 + T cells were detected by ELISA after coculturing with 769‐P cells overexpressing YTHDF3‐WT or YTHDF3‐MUT. (L) Apoptosis of 769‐P cells overexpressing YTHDF3‐WT or YTHDF3‐MUT cells after coculturing with CD8 + T cells. (M) Baseline apoptosis status of 769‐P cells overexpressing YTHDF3‐WT or YTHDF3‐MUT. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: To determine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) levels in cocultured cell supernatants or mice tissues, the human TNF‐α (E‐EL‐H0108), IFN‐γ (E‐EL‐H0109), and mouse TNF‐α (E‐EL‐M3063) and IFN‐γ (E‐EL‐M0048) ELISA kits from ELabscience were used.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Fluorescence, Migration, Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: YTHDF3 phase separation regulates HSPA13 ‐dependent clear cell renal cell carcinoma development and immune evasion

doi: 10.1111/cas.16228

Figure Lengend Snippet: Degradation of HSPA13 induced by YTHDF3 is essential in suppressing clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) development and immune evasion. (A–C) Enrichment plots of HSPA13 level with gene signature of proliferation (A, CHIANG_ LIVER_CANCER_SUBCLASS_PROLIFERATION_UP), invasion (B, PUIFFE_INVASION_INHIBITED_BY_ASCITES_DN), and metastasis (C, WINNEPENNINCKX_MELANOMA_METASTASIS_UP) analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis. ccRCC patients were divided into high/low expression groups based on median value of HSPA13 level. (D, E) HSPA13 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effects of YTHDF3 overexpression on (D) colony formation and (E) invasion of ccRCC cells. (F) Correlation heatmap of HSPA13 expression with immune checkpoint expression in multiple types of tumors. (G) Correlation of HSPA13 level with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in renal cancer‐bearing mice. (H) Quantitative PCR results of HSPA13 mRNA level in mouse tumor tissues overexpressing vector or YTHDF3. (I) Western blotting and (J) FACS results showed that HSPA13 overexpression reversed the inhibition of YTHDF3 on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression. (K, L) Expression of (K) Perforin and Granzyme B (GzmB) in CD8 + T cells and the levels of (L) γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) secreted by CD8 + T cells after coculture with ccRCC cells transfected with different plasmids. (M, N) Apoptosis status of cells after HSPA13 repletion (M) with/(N) without CD8 + T cell coculture. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. ES, enrichment score; FDR, false discovery rate; NES, normalized enrichment score.

Article Snippet: To determine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) levels in cocultured cell supernatants or mice tissues, the human TNF‐α (E‐EL‐H0108), IFN‐γ (E‐EL‐H0109), and mouse TNF‐α (E‐EL‐M3063) and IFN‐γ (E‐EL‐M0048) ELISA kits from ELabscience were used.

Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Inhibition, Transfection